A judge is not liable for damages arising from a manual labor act performed under a court order if the act was not intentional, willfully, or wantonly negligent.

• A. Only if the act was intentional
• B. True
• C. False
• D. Only if damages exceed a threshold

Answer: (B)

Judicial immunity protects a judge from civil damages for acts performed in the course of official duties, even if those acts are negligent, as long as they stay within the judge’s jurisdiction. When a manual labor act is carried out under a court order, it is part of the court’s proceedings and falls within the judge’s official functions. If there is no intent to harm and no gross or wanton negligence, there isn’t a basis for liability. So the statement is true. (Liability would arise only if the act fell outside the judge’s judicial duties or involved non-judicial conduct.)