A parent and his adopted child have a degree of consanguinity between them.

• A. Not related by blood
• B. False
• C. Related by affinity
• D. True

Answer: (D)

Consanguinity is a measure of kinship. In practical terms, many exam contexts treat a legally established parent-child bond as kinship that functions like a blood relationship, even when one party is adopted. When a person adopts a child, a formal parent-child relationship is created by law, and for kinship classifications used in ethics and professional codes, this relationship is considered consanguineous in effect. The closest level of this relationship is the first degree, as with biological parent and child.

So the statement is true because adoption creates a legal bond that is treated as a familial kinship similar to a blood connection in this context. Not related by blood would miss the legal kinship adoption establishes, related by affinity refers to relationships by marriage and isn’t the most accurate label here, and labeling it as false wouldn’t reflect the recognized adoptive kinship.